Salyut 7 cosmonaut Svetlana Savitskaya becomes the first woman to perform a space walk.

Extravehicular activity (EVA) is any activity performed by an astronaut in outer space outside of a spacecraft. This includes spacewalks, lunar or planetary surface exploration, and stand-up EVAs (SEVAs) where astronauts stand through an open hatch without fully leaving the spacecraft. EVAs have been conducted by the Soviet Union/Russia, the United States, and China, with astronauts from Canada, Japan, the United Arab Emirates, and the European Space Agency also participating in EVAs conducted by those nations.

Since there is no atmosphere in space, the astronaut is completely dependent on the space suit for environmental support.

Volkov during Russian EVA28
Volkov during Russian EVA28 (Source: Wikimedia Commons)
Sts114 033
Sts114 033 (Source: Wikimedia Commons)
EdWhiteFirstAmericanSpacewalker.1965.ws
EdWhiteFirstAmericanSpacewalker.1965.ws (Source: Wikimedia Commons)
A Man on the Moon, AS11-40-5903 (cropped)
A Man on the Moon, AS11-40-5903 (cropped) (Source: Wikimedia Commons)

Sources and further reading: Wikipedia — Extravehicular activity, Salyut 7, Astronaut, Svetlana Savitskaya (CC BY-SA). Images: Wikimedia Commons.