On This Day
1964 - Ranger program
Ranger program: Ranger 7 sends back the first close-up photographs of the moon, with images 1,000 times clearer than anything ever seen from earth-bound telescopes.
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1658 - Aurangzeb
Aurangzeb is proclaimed Mughal emperor of India.
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1492 - Alhambra Decree
All remaining Jews are expelled from Spain when the Alhambra Decree takes effect.
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2020 - Mars 2020
NASA's Mars 2020 mission was launched on an Atlas V rocket from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.
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1974 - Watergate scandal
Watergate scandal: U.S. President Richard Nixon releases subpoenaed White House recordings after being ordered to do so by the Supreme Court of the United States.
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1966 - 1966 FIFA World Cup final
England defeats West Germany to win the FIFA World Cup at Wembley Stadium 4–2 after extra time.
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1958 - National Aeronautics and Space Act
U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs into law the National Aeronautics and Space Act, which creates the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
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1932 - Bonus Army
Great Depression: In Washington, D.C., troops disperse the last of the "Bonus Army" of World War I veterans using arson, bayonets, sabers, tanks, tear gas, and vomit gas.
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1567 - Coronation of James VI
The infant James VI is crowned King of Scotland at Stirling.
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1914 - World War I
World War I: In the culmination of the July Crisis, Austria-Hungary declares war on the Kingdom of Serbia and begins the Great War.
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1364 - Battle of Cascina
Troops of the Republic of Pisa and the Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina.
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1943 - Bombing of Hamburg in World War II
World War II: Operation Gomorrah: The Royal Air Force bombs Hamburg, Germany causing a firestorm that kills 42,000 German civilians.